Artery Research
Volume 3, Issue 2 , Pages 56-64 , June 2009

Arterial stiffness and wave reflection: Biomarkers of cardiovascular risk

Received 21 January 2009 ,Accepted 13 February 2009.

References 

  1. Chae CU, Pfeffer MA, Glynn RJ, Mitchell GF, Taylor JO, Hennekens CH. Increased pulse pressure and risk of heart failure in the elderly. JAMA. 1999;281:634–639
  2. Domanski MJ, Davis BR, Pfeffer MA, Kastantin M, Mitchell GF. Isolated systolic hypertension: prognostic information provided by pulse pressure. Hypertension. 1999;34:375–380
  3. Franklin SS, Khan SA, Wong ND, Larson MG, Levy D. Is pulse pressure useful in predicting risk for coronary heart Disease? The Framingham Heart Study. Circulation. 1999;100:354–360
  4. Mitchell GF, Moye LA, Braunwald E, Rouleau JL, Bernstein V, Geltman EM, et al. Sphygmomanometrically determined pulse pressure is a powerful independent predictor of recurrent events after myocardial infarction in patients with impaired left ventricular function. SAVE investigators. Survival and Ventricular Enlargement. Circulation. 1997;96:4254–4260
  5. Domanski M, Mitchell G, Pfeffer M, Neaton JD, Norman J, Svendsen K, et al. Pulse pressure and cardiovascular disease-related mortality: follow-up study of the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial (MRFIT). JAMA. 2002;287:2677–2683
  6. Mitchell GF, Vasan RS, Keyes MJ, Parise H, Wang TJ, Larson MG, et al. Pulse pressure and risk of new-onset atrial fibrillation. JAMA. 2007;297:709–715
  7. Mitchell GF, Vita JA, Larson MG, Parise H, Keyes MJ, Warner E, et al. Cross-sectional relations of peripheral microvascular function, cardiovascular disease risk factors, and aortic stiffness: the Framingham Heart Study. Circulation. 2005;112:3722–3728
  8. Franklin SS, Jacobs MJ, Wong ND, L'Italien GJ, Lapuerta P. Predominance of isolated systolic hypertension among middle-aged and elderly US hypertensives: analysis based on National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) III. . Hypertension. 2001;37:869–874
  9. Franklin SS, Pio JR, Wong ND, Larson MG, Leip EP, Vasan RS, et al. Predictors of new-onset diastolic and systolic hypertension: the Framingham Heart Study. Circulation. 2005;111:1121–1127
  10. Laurent S, Cockcroft J, Van Bortel L, Boutouyrie P, Giannattasio C, Hayoz D, et al. Expert consensus document on arterial stiffness: methodological issues and clinical applications. Eur Heart J. 2006;27:2588–2605
  11. Mitchell GF, Pfeffer MA, Finn PV, Pfeffer JM. Equipotent antihypertensive agents variously affect pulsatile hemodynamics and regression of cardiac hypertrophy in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Circulation. 1996;94:2923–2929
  12. Mitchell GF, Lacourciere Y, Ouellet JP, Izzo JL, Neutel J, Kerwin LJ, et al. Determinants of elevated pulse pressure in middle-aged and older subjects with uncomplicated systolic hypertension: the role of proximal aortic diameter and the aortic pressure-flow relationship. Circulation. 2003;108:1592–1598
  13. O'Rourke MF, Nichols WW. Aortic diameter, aortic stiffness, and wave reflection increase with age and isolated systolic hypertension. Hypertension. 2005;45:652–658
  14. Mitchell GF, Parise H, Benjamin EJ, Larson MG, Keyes MJ, Vita JA, et al. Changes in arterial stiffness and wave reflection with advancing age in healthy men and women: the Framingham Heart Study. Hypertension. 2004;43:1239–1245
  15. McEniery CM, Yasmin , Hall IR, Qasem A, Wilkinson IB, Cockcroft JR. Normal vascular aging: differential effects on wave reflection and aortic pulse wave velocity: the Anglo-Cardiff Collaborative Trial (ACCT). J Am Coll Cardiol. 2005;46:1753–1760
  16. Mitchell GF, Guo CY, Benjamin EJ, Larson MG, Keyes MJ, Vita JA, et al. Cross-sectional correlates of increased aortic stiffness in the community: the Framingham Heart Study. Circulation. 2007;115:2628–2636
  17. Segers P, Rietzschel ER, De Buyzere ML, Vermeersch SJ, De Bacquer D, Van Bortel LM, et al. Noninvasive (input) impedance, pulse wave velocity, and wave reflection in healthy middle-aged men and women. Hypertension. 2007;49:1248–1255
  18. Mitchell GF, Gudnason V, Launer LJ, Aspelund T, Harris TB. Hemodynamics of increased pulse pressure in older women in the community-based Age, Gene/Environment Susceptibility-Reykjavik Study. Hypertension. 2008;51:1123–1128
  19. Mitchell GF, Conlin PR, Dunlap ME, Lacourciere Y, Arnold JM, Ogilvie RI, et al. Aortic diameter, wall stiffness, and wave reflection in systolic hypertension. Hypertension. 2008;51:105–111
  20. Dart AM, Kingwell BA, Gatzka CD, Willson K, Liang YL, Berry KL, et al. Smaller aortic dimensions do not fully account for the greater pulse pressure in elderly female hypertensives. Hypertension. 2008;51:1129–1134
  21. Farasat SM, Morrell CH, Scuteri A, Ting CT, Yin FC, Spurgeon HA, et al. Pulse pressure is inversely related to aortic root diameter implications for the pathogenesis of systolic hypertension. Hypertension. 2008;51:196–202
  22. Peterson LH. The dynamics of pulsatile blood flow. Circ Res. 1954;2:127–139
  23. Ben Driss A, Benessiano J, Poitevin P, Levy BI, Michel JB. Arterial expansive remodeling induced by high flow rates. Am J Physiol. 1997;272:H851–H858
  24. Xu C, Lee S, Shu C, Masuda H, Zarins CK. Expression of TGF-beta1 and beta3 but not apoptosis factors relates to flow-induced aortic enlargement. BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2002;2:11
  25. Nagashima J, Musha H, Takada H, Murayama M. New upper limit of physiologic cardiac hypertrophy in Japanese participants in the 100-km ultramarathon. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2003;42:1617–1623
  26. Mitchell GF. Impedance progress: aortic diameter rears its head again?. Hypertension. 2007;49:1207–1209
  27. Agmon Y, Khandheria BK, Meissner I, Schwartz GL, Sicks JD, Fought AJ, et al. Is aortic dilatation an atherosclerosis-related process? Clinical, laboratory, and transesophageal echocardiographic correlates of thoracic aortic dimensions in the population with implications for thoracic aortic aneurysm formation. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2003;42:1076–1083
  28. Launer LJ, Masaki K, Petrovitch H, Foley D, Havlik RJ. The association between midlife blood pressure levels and late-life cognitive function. The Honolulu–Asia Aging Study. JAMA. 1995;274:1846–1851
  29. Launer LJ, Ross GW, Petrovitch H, Masaki K, Foley D, White LR, et al. Midlife blood pressure and dementia: the Honolulu–Asia aging study. Neurobiol Aging. 2000;21:49–55
  30. Kivipelto M, Helkala EL, Laakso MP, Hanninen T, Hallikainen M, Alhainen K, et al. Apolipoprotein E epsilon4 allele, elevated midlife total cholesterol level, and high midlife systolic blood pressure are independent risk factors for late-life Alzheimer disease. Ann Intern Med. 2002;137:149–155
  31. Liao D, Cooper L, Cai J, Toole J, Bryan N, Burke G, et al. The prevalence and severity of white matter lesions, their relationship with age, ethnicity, gender, and cardiovascular disease risk factors: the ARIC Study. Neuroepidemiology. 1997;16:149–162
  32. Duprez DA, De Buyzere ML, Van den Noortgate N, Simoens J, Achten E, Clement DL, et al. Relationship between periventricular or deep white matter lesions and arterial elasticity indices in very old people. Age Ageing. 2001;30:325–330
  33. Klein R, Klein BE, Tomany SC, Cruickshanks KJ. The association of cardiovascular disease with the long-term incidence of age-related maculopathy: the Beaver Dam eye study. Ophthalmology. 2003;110:636–643
  34. Safar ME, London GM, Plante GE. Arterial stiffness and kidney function. Hypertension. 2004;43:163–168
  35. Mitchell GF. Increased aortic stiffness: an unfavorable cardiorenal connection. Hypertension. 2004;43:151–153
  36. Levy BI, Ambrosio G, Pries AR, Struijker-Boudier HA. Microcirculation in hypertension: a new target for treatment?. Circulation. 2001;104:735–740
  37. Baron AD, Brechtel-Hook G, Johnson A, Hardin D. Skeletal muscle blood flow. A possible link between insulin resistance and blood pressure. Hypertension. 1993;21:129–135
  38. Bonadonna RC, Saccomani MP, Del Prato S, Bonora E, DeFronzo RA, Cobelli C. Role of tissue-specific blood flow and tissue recruitment in insulin-mediated glucose uptake of human skeletal muscle. Circulation. 1998;98:234–241
  39. Serne EH, Stehouwer CD, ter Maaten JC, ter Wee PM, Rauwerda JA, Donker AJ, et al. Microvascular function relates to insulin sensitivity and blood pressure in normal subjects. Circulation. 1999;99:896–902
  40. Mitchell GF. Effects of central arterial aging on the structure and function of the peripheral vasculature: implications for end-organ damage. J Appl Physiol. 2008;105:1652–1660
  41. Baumbach GL, Siems JE, Heistad DD. Effects of local reduction in pressure on distensibility and composition of cerebral arterioles. Circ Res. 1991;68:338–351
  42. Loutzenhiser R, Bidani A, Chilton L. Renal myogenic response: kinetic attributes and physiological role. Circ Res. 2002;90:1316–1324
  43. Gokce N, Duffy SJ, Hunter LM, Keaney JF, Vita JA. Acute hypertriglyceridemia is associated with peripheral vasodilation and increased basal flow in healthy young adults. Am J Cardiol. 2001;88:153–159
  44. Polak K, Schmetterer L, Luksch A, Gruber S, Polska E, Peternell V, et al. Free fatty acids/triglycerides increase ocular and subcutaneous blood flow. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2001;280:R56–R61
  45. Raitakari OT, Lai N, Griffiths K, McCredie R, Sullivan D, Celermajer DS. Enhanced peripheral vasodilation in humans after a fatty meal. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2000;36:417–422
  46. Heeschen C, Jang JJ, Weis M, Pathak A, Kaji S, Hu RS, et al. Nicotine stimulates angiogenesis and promotes tumor growth and atherosclerosis. Nat Med. 2001;7:833–839
  47. Boutouyrie P, Tropeano AI, Asmar R, Gautier I, Benetos A, Lacolley P, et al. Aortic stiffness is an independent predictor of primary coronary events in hypertensive patients: a longitudinal study. Hypertension. 2002;39:10–15
  48. Laurent S, Boutouyrie P, Asmar R, Gautier I, Laloux B, Guize L, et al. Aortic stiffness is an independent predictor of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in hypertensive patients. Hypertension. 2001;37:1236–1241
  49. Laurent S, Katsahian S, Fassot C, Tropeano AI, Gautier I, Laloux B, et al. Aortic stiffness is an independent predictor of fatal stroke in essential hypertension. Stroke. 2003;34:1203–1206
  50. Mattace-Raso FU, van der Cammen TJ, Hofman A, van Popele NM, Bos ML, Schalekamp MA, et al. Arterial stiffness and risk of coronary heart disease and stroke: the Rotterdam Study. Circulation. 2006;113:657–663
  51. Sutton-Tyrrell K, Najjar SS, Boudreau RM, Venkitachalam L, Kupelian V, Simonsick EM, et al. Elevated aortic pulse wave velocity, a marker of arterial stiffness, predicts cardiovascular events in well-functioning older adults. Circulation. 2005;111:3384–3390
  52. Willum-Hansen T, Staessen JA, Torp-Pedersen C, Rasmussen S, Thijs L, Ibsen H, et al. Prognostic value of aortic pulse wave velocity as index of arterial stiffness in the general population. Circulation. 2006;113:664–670
  53. Graham I, Atar D, Borch-Johnsen K, Boysen G, Burell G, Cifkova R, et al. European guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice: full text. Fourth Joint Task Force of the European Society of Cardiology and other societies on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice (constituted by representatives of nine societies and by invited experts). Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil. 2007;14(Suppl. 2):S1–S113
  54. Mancia G, De Backer G, Dominiczak A, Cifkova R, Fagard R, Germano G, et al. 2007 ESH-ESC practice guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension: ESH-ESC Task Force on the Management of Arterial Hypertension. J Hypertens. 2007;25:1751–1762
  55. Agabiti-Rosei E, Mancia G, O'Rourke MF, Roman MJ, Safar ME, Smulyan H, et al. Central blood pressure measurements and antihypertensive therapy: a consensus document. Hypertension. 2007;50:154–160
  56. Roman MJ, Devereux RB, Kizer JR, Lee ET, Galloway JM, Ali T, et al. Central pressure more strongly relates to vascular disease and outcome than does brachial pressure: the Strong Heart Study. Hypertension. 2007;50:197–203
  57. Kelly R, Daley J, Avolio A, O'Rourke M. Arterial dilation and reduced wave reflection. Benefit of dilevalol in hypertension. Hypertension. 1989;14:14–21
  58. Kelly RP, Gibbs HH, O'Rourke MF, Daley JE, Mang K, Morgan JJ, et al. Nitroglycerin has more favourable effects on left ventricular afterload than apparent from measurement of pressure in a peripheral artery. Eur Heart J. 1990;11:138–144
  59. Vyas M, Izzo JL, Lacourciere Y, Arnold JM, Dunlap ME, Amato JL, et al. Augmentation index and central aortic stiffness in middle-aged to elderly individuals. Am J Hypertens. 2007;20:642–647
  60. Schnabel R, Larson MG, Dupuis J, Lunetta KL, Lipinska I, Meigs JB, et al. Relations of inflammatory biomarkers and common genetic variants with arterial stiffness and wave reflection. Hypertension. 2008;51:1651–1657
  61. Farrar DJ, Bond MG, Riley WA, Sawyer JK. Anatomic correlates of aortic pulse wave velocity and carotid artery elasticity during atherosclerosis progression and regression in monkeys. Circulation. 1991;83:1754–1763
  62. Mitchell GF, Izzo JL, Lacourciere Y, Ouellet JP, Neutel J, Qian C, et al. Omapatrilat reduces pulse pressure and proximal aortic stiffness in patients with systolic hypertension: results of the conduit hemodynamics of omapatrilat international research study. Circulation. 2002;105:2955–2961

PII: S1872-9312(09)00008-8

doi: 10.1016/j.artres.2009.02.002

Artery Research
Volume 3, Issue 2 , Pages 56-64 , June 2009

Article Tools

* Image Usage & Resolution